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Colon cancer screenings may not be a favorite topic, but they're a game-changer for health. Colonoscopies, in particular, are like superheroes - catching issues early.

now state that people at average risk should start screening at age 45. But some people may need earlier screening, or screenings more often. Gregory FitzHarris, MD, a colorectal surgeon with Sentara Surgery Specialists in Hampton, says,"People with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, such as a family history, or inflammatory bowel disease, should ask their physician to determine the best age to start screening."

How is "high risk" defined?

People at increased or high risk of colorectal cancer might need to start colorectal cancer screening before age 45, be screened more often, and/or get specific tests. This includes people with:

• A strong family history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps
• A personal history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps
• A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease)
• A known family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer or HNPCC)

Questions to ask your provider about colon cancer screening:

• When should I start colorectal cancer screening?
• What is my risk for colorectal cancer?
• How often do I need screening?
• Which screening tests do I need?
• How do I get my test results?
• What do my results mean?

Types of colon cancer screenings

There are two types of colon cancer screenings: a visual check and a stool check.

Visual colon cancer screenings are performed during a colonoscopy. A doctor inserts a flexible tube with a light and camera on the end through the rectum to examine the colon. Colonoscopies are performed under conscious sedation, meaning patients are not entirely asleep but also not typically aware of the exam.

In addition to colonoscopy, another Two types of stool checks are available: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and a stool DNA test. If a stool check finds concerns, a colonoscopy should be scheduled to follow up.

Talk to your primary healthcare provider about the best colon cancer screening for your needs. Check with your health insurance, as health insurance may cover colonoscopies and stool checks.

Why do people fear colonoscopies?

The idea of undergoing a medical procedure, even a routine screening, can evoke fear and anxiety. People may hesitate or feel unsure about scheduling a screening, leading to confusion about the best course of action.

It's not uncommon for people to be anxious about a colonoscopy. But Dr. FitzHarris emphasizes the risks of the procedure itself are low, and with a normal colonoscopy, the patient won't need another one for 10 years.

"I hear from patients who are worried about what we may find. The main thing to know for many people is that you aren't going to find anything, but if we do, then we can start by taking care of it while you're in the procedure," adds Dr. FitzHarris.

Let's talk colonoscopy prep

One thing most people agree on when it comes to a colonoscopy? The"prep" is the least pleasant part. The bowel preparation for a colonoscopy typically involves consuming a large volume of a laxative solution. Many people find the taste and texture of the solution unappealing, making it challenging to drink the required amount.

The prep type offered may depend on health insurance, but Dr. FitzHarris recommends talking with your doctor."There are newer options for colonoscopy prep, including a pill-only prep that some patients may prefer," he says,"So ask your doctor about your options and cost. The prep is crucial to ensuring a successful colonoscopy."

The procedure itself tends to be easier for patients. During a colonoscopy, patients are typically fully asleep. However, the level of sedation can vary based on the patient's preference, medical condition, and the complexity of the procedure. Most patients have no memory of the procedure itself.

• Schedule your colonoscopy beginning at age 45 if you are at average risk.
• Remember that early colon cancer does not have signs or symptoms, so it is important to get screened.
• With screening and early diagnosis, colon cancer can be cured.
• A polyp can take up to 10 years to develop into cancer. With colonoscopies, doctors can remove polyps before they turn into cancer.

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